Organising pneumonia due to inadequately cleared COVID-19 infection while on rituximab

BMJ Case Rep. 2024 Oct 26;17(10):e259153. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2023-259153.

Abstract

A male patient in his 70s with a history of tobacco use, organising pneumonia and rheumatoid arthritis that had been treated for several years with rituximab currently being treated with tocilizumab, presented with progressively worsening shortness of breath, increasing oxygen requirements and weakness. He had a history of COVID-19 infection 6 months prior to presentation. Initial COVID-19 PCR testing at presentation was negative. Bronchoalveolar lavage was positive for COVID-19 but negative for spike antibodies. It was thought that he did not clear his prior COVID-19 infection due to his immunocompromised state while taking rituximab. On recommendation of infectious disease, he was treated with a prolonged course of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, remdesivir and corticosteroids with significant symptom improvement.

Keywords: COVID-19; Drugs: musculoskeletal and joint diseases; Pneumonia (infectious disease); Pneumonia (respiratory medicine).

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Adenosine Monophosphate / analogs & derivatives
  • Aged
  • Alanine / analogs & derivatives
  • Alanine / therapeutic use
  • Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / therapeutic use
  • Antirheumatic Agents / therapeutic use
  • Antiviral Agents / therapeutic use
  • Arthritis, Rheumatoid / complications
  • Arthritis, Rheumatoid / drug therapy
  • Betacoronavirus
  • COVID-19* / complications
  • Coronavirus Infections / complications
  • Coronavirus Infections / diagnosis
  • Coronavirus Infections / drug therapy
  • Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia / diagnosis
  • Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia / drug therapy
  • Humans
  • Immunocompromised Host
  • Male
  • Organizing Pneumonia
  • Pandemics
  • Pneumonia, Viral / complications
  • Pneumonia, Viral / diagnosis
  • Pneumonia, Viral / drug therapy
  • Ritonavir / therapeutic use
  • Rituximab* / therapeutic use
  • SARS-CoV-2*

Substances

  • Rituximab
  • tocilizumab
  • Alanine
  • remdesivir
  • Antirheumatic Agents
  • Ritonavir
  • Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
  • Antiviral Agents
  • Adenosine Monophosphate