Cardiac and Renal Transplantation in Mitochondrial Encephalopathy, Lactic Acidosis, and Stroke-like Symptoms: Anesthetic Challenges and Considerations

Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Anesthesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.
• ² Division of Congenital Cardiac Anesthesiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Bruno Pediatric Heart Center, Children's of Alabama, Birmingham, AL.
• ³ Cardiovascular and Thoracic Division, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
• ⁴ Department of Anesthesiology, Cardiothoracic Section, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston Salem, NC. Electronic address: rfernan@wakehealth.edu.