Rapid detection of ingested acetaminophen on face mask by ambient ionization tandem mass spectrometry

Abstract

Background: A regular face mask is comprised of three layers for resisting moisture, filtration, and absorbing oral fluid, respectively. Since the polymers with different polarities are used to make the layers, a face mask can be used as a sampling tool to retain polar or non-polar chemical and biochemical substances in the exhaled breath. In this study, thermal desorption-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (TD-ESI/MS/MS), an ambient ionization mass spectrometric technique, was used to detect trace acetaminophen that were exhaled and retained on the surface of different layers in a face mask.

Results: With probe sampling combined with TD-ESI/MS/MS, the acetaminophen ion signal can be detected at the mouth/nostril region of the face mask after taking the acetaminophen tablet. The experimental results were similar to previous studies for the detection of acetaminophen in blood over time using LC/MS/MS. In addition, the intensities of acetaminophen on different layers of the face mask could reveal the differing distributions of exhaled acetaminophen on each layer. To explore the distribution of acetaminophen on the face mask surface, multiple probes were used to collect samples from different locations of the face mask for analysis. The molecular mapping of acetaminophen on the face mask was rendered by scaling the analyte ion signal intensity based on a temperature color gradient. The cartography showed a higher acetaminophen ion signal distribution on the mouth and nostril regions than in other areas of the face mask.

Significance: Owing to the advantages of a simple, sensitive, and non-invasive sampling approach, drug monitoring could be potentially performed to provide useful information for anti-drug of precision medicine in the future.

Keywords: Acetaminophen; Face mask; Molecular mapping; Sampling probe; Thermal desorption-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry.