Uniform Phase Permutation of Efficient Ruddlesden-Popper Perovskite Solar Cells via Binary Spacers and Single Crystal Coordination

Zijia Li; Hao Gu; Xiaolong Liu; Haibin Wang; Nan Zhang; Jinfeng Liao; Dejian Yu; Xianqiang Xie; Yibo Zhou; Guojia Fang; Yiwang Chen; Junmin Xia; Shengchun Yang; Chao Liang

doi:10.1002/adma.202410408

Uniform Phase Permutation of Efficient Ruddlesden-Popper Perovskite Solar Cells via Binary Spacers and Single Crystal Coordination

Adv Mater. 2024 Oct 12:e2410408. doi: 10.1002/adma.202410408. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Zijia Li^{1

2}, Hao Gu³, Xiaolong Liu⁴, Haibin Wang⁵, Nan Zhang^{1

2}, Jinfeng Liao³, Dejian Yu³, Xianqiang Xie⁶, Yibo Zhou⁷, Guojia Fang⁸, Yiwang Chen⁹, Junmin Xia¹⁰, Shengchun Yang¹, Chao Liang^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, National Innovation Platform (Center) for Industry-Education Integration of Energy Storage Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China.
² Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Optoelectronic Materials and Intelligent Photonic Systems, Shenzhen, 440300, P. R. China.
³ Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, P. R. China.
⁴ State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials & Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China.
⁵ Institute of Advanced Ceramics of Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450046, P. R. China.
⁶ School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China.
⁷ State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China.
⁸ Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China.
⁹ National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, P. R. China.
¹⁰ State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China.

PMID: 39394801
DOI: 10.1002/adma.202410408

Abstract

2D Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites (RPPs) have attracted extensive attention in recent years due to their excellent environmental stability. However, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of RPP solar cells is much lower than that of 3D perovskite solar cells (PSCs), mainly attributed to their poor carrier transport performance and excessive heterogeneous phases. Herein, the binary spacers (n-butylammonium, BA and benzamidine, PFA) are introduced to regulate the crystallization kinetics and n-value phase distribution to form uniform phase permutation of RPP films. The study then incorporates n = 5 BA₂MA₄Pb₅I₁₆ memory single crystal to achieve ultrafast stepped-type carrier transport from the low n-value phases to the high n-value phases in the high-quality (BA_0.75PFA_0.25)₂MA₄Pb₅I₁₆ films. These binary spacers and single-crystal-assisted crystallization strategies produce high-quality films, leading to fast carrier extraction and significant nonradiative recombination suppression. The resulting PSC presents a champion PCE of 21.15% with an impressive open circuit voltage (V_OC) of 1.26 V, which is the record high efficiency and V_OC for low n-value RPP solar cells (n ≤ 5).

Keywords: Ruddlesden–Popper perovskite; binary spacer; perovskite solar cells; single crystal coordination; stepped‐type carrier transport.

Abstract

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