Gender and Racial Demographic Trends in the US Laryngology Workforce (1993-2022)

Neil Parikh; Elizabeth Shuman; Michael Johns 3rd; Albert Merati; Melissa Zheng

doi:10.1002/lary.31819

Gender and Racial Demographic Trends in the US Laryngology Workforce (1993-2022)

Laryngoscope. 2024 Oct 9. doi: 10.1002/lary.31819. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Neil Parikh¹, Elizabeth Shuman², Michael Johns 3rd², Albert Merati³, Melissa Zheng⁴

Affiliations

¹ Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.
² Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.
³ Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A.
⁴ Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A.

PMID: 39381931
DOI: 10.1002/lary.31819

Abstract

Objectives: To analyze demographic trends in laryngology fellowship training in the United States from 1993 to 2022, comparing periods before and after formalization of the fellowship within the National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) in 2012.

Methods: A national database of fellowship-trained laryngologists (FTLs) and non-fellowship-trained laryngologists (nFTLs) practicing primarily laryngology was created by methodically compiling laryngologists via Internet search, with corroboration by regional laryngologists and vetting by senior laryngologists on this manuscript. Demographic variables included residency and/or fellowship graduation year, gender, race and ethnicity inferred through individuals' photos and surnames. NRMP match data from 2012 to 2022 were obtained from the American Laryngological Association.

Results: An average of 21 programs offered 23 positions in the NRMP match, with 14 programs (66.4%) filling 16 positions (68.8%) from 2012 to 2022. The 10-year FTL growth rate decreased from 25.4% (1993-2002) to 10.5% and 6.6% in subsequent periods. In May 2023, there were 349 active laryngologists, including 303 FTLs, in the United States. A total of 189 (62.4%) FTLs were men, 114 (37.6%) were women; 201 (66.2%) were White, 102 (33.8%) were non-White. Between the pre-NRMP and post-NRMP periods, the percentage of male FTLs decreased from 71.5% to 55.5%, female FTLs increased from 28.5% to 44.5%, and White FTLs decreased from 69.2% to 64.2%. Chi-squared analysis yielded a statistically significant association between gender and training period for FTLs (p = 0.004), but no statistically significant difference between race and training period.

Conclusions: The post-NRMP period saw an expansion of laryngology fellowships and workforce diversification, reflecting trends observed in otolaryngology and medicine overall.

Level of evidence: NA Laryngoscope, 2024.

Keywords: cohort study; health care disparities; laryngology; quality improvement; training program.