Management of PFO in paradoxical embolic stroke with hemorrhagic conversion: a case report

Abstract

A paradoxical embolism is defined as a venous thrombus that crosses through a heart defect, into the systemic circulation, usually through a patent foramen ovale. Treatment varies between closure of patent foramen ovale vs. medical management based on a variety of individual risk factors and the cardiac defect's characteristics. We describe a case of paradoxical stroke complicated by hemorrhagic conversion, ultimately requiring an IVC filter.

Keywords: PFO closure; deep venous thrombosis; hemorrhagic conversion; inferior vena cava (IVC) filter; middle cerebral artery stroke; paradoxical embolism; patent foramen ovale.