Cell death: Revisiting the roads to ruin

Abstract

A paradigm shift in the study of cell death is currently occurring: whereas previously we had always considered that there were "points of no return" in any cell death pathway, we now realize that in many types of active, regulated cell death, this is not the case. We are also learning that cells that "almost die," but nevertheless survive, can transiently take on an altered state, with potential implications for understanding cancer therapies and relapse. In this perspective, we parse the many forms of cell death by analogy to suicide, sabotage, and murder, and consider how cells that might be "instructed" to engage a cell death pathway might nevertheless survive.

Keywords: apoptosis; cell death; drug-tolerant persister cells; ferroptosis; necroptosis; pyroptosis.