Translation and validation of the CLEO tool in Vietnamese to assess the significance of pharmacist interventions

Abstract

Background: There is currently no validated tool available for assessing the potential significance of pharmacist interventions in Vietnam.

Aim: This study aimed to translate the CLEO tool from French into Vietnamese, validate the Vietnamese version, and demonstrate its feasibility in daily practice.

Method: The CLEO tool was translated into Vietnamese (CLEO_VN) using a 5-step process by bilingual experts. A total of 100 scenarios were compiled from clinical cases from nine hospitals evaluated by seven clinical pharmacists to determine inter-rater reliability and 30 out of 100 scenarios were re-evaluated one month later to determine test-retest reliability. Reliability was quantified using the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). A 20-item questionnaire on a 7-point Likert scale assessed the tool's appropriateness, acceptability, precision, and feasibility.

Results: Inter-rater reliability was good for clinical dimension (ICC_A,1 = 0.71), excellent for economic dimension (ICC_A,1 = 0.86), and fair for organizational/operational dimension (ICC_A,1 = 0.56). Test-retest reliability scores were excellent for clinical (I̅C̅C̅_A,1 = 0.79), excellent for economic (I̅C̅C̅_A,1 = 0.84), and fair for organizational/operational (I̅C̅C̅_A,1 = 0.56). The tool was rated as appropriate (mean = 5.86; SD = 1.03), acceptable (mean = 5.19; SD = 1.12), precise (mean = 5.71; SD = 1.17), and feasible (mean = 5.05; SD = 1.24). The maximum time required to evaluate an intervention was three minutes.

Conclusion: The CLEO_VN tool was successfully translated and validated for reliability, appropriateness, acceptability, precision, and feasibility. It will be suitable to evaluate the value of clinical pharmacy interventions.

Keywords: CLEO tool; Clinical pharmacy; Drug-related problems; Pharmacist interventions; Translation; Validation.