Transthyretin amyloidosis prevalence and characteristics in Korean patients with heart failure with preserved or mildly reduced ejection fractions

Sci Rep. 2024 Oct 1;14(1):22863. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-74191-0.

Abstract

The diagnosis and awareness of transthyretin amyloidosis cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) in heart failure with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) > 40% remains under-recognized. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of ATTR-CM in patients with heart failure with LVEF > 40%. Patients with LVEF > 40% and maximal left ventricular wall thickness (MWT) > 10 mm who underwent bone scintigraphy were retrospectively investigated. Patients with a definite cause of heart failure were excluded. ATTR-CM was diagnosed when grade 2 or 3 myocardial uptake was observed on scintigraphy. Among 97 patients (male, 62.5%; median age, 69 years), 13 (13.4%) were diagnosed with ATTR-CM (wild type, 69.2%; hereditary type, 30.8%). Age or biomarker levels did not differ significantly; however, all patients with ATTR-CM were male. The ATTR-CM group had a significantly higher prevalence of polyneuropathy or carpal tunnel syndrome than the non-ATTR-CM group, accompanied by a longer PR interval, thicker MWT, larger left atrial volume index, and higher E/e'. Accordingly, ATTR was present in a substantial number, particularly among men. Clinicians should suspect ATTR when a male patient exhibits neurologic symptoms, diastolic dysfunction, and a long PR interval.

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Amyloid Neuropathies, Familial* / complications
  • Amyloid Neuropathies, Familial* / diagnostic imaging
  • Amyloid Neuropathies, Familial* / epidemiology
  • Amyloid Neuropathies, Familial* / physiopathology
  • Cardiomyopathies / diagnostic imaging
  • Cardiomyopathies / epidemiology
  • Cardiomyopathies / physiopathology
  • Female
  • Heart Failure* / epidemiology
  • Heart Failure* / physiopathology
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Prevalence
  • Republic of Korea / epidemiology
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Stroke Volume*
  • Ventricular Function, Left

Supplementary concepts

  • Amyloidosis, Hereditary, Transthyretin-Related