Endovascular treatment in ischemic strokes with large infarct core: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Marco Longoni; Sebastiano Giacomozzi; Leonardo Pantoni; Simone Vidale

doi:10.1007/s10072-024-07781-5

Endovascular treatment in ischemic strokes with large infarct core: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Neurol Sci. 2024 Sep 30. doi: 10.1007/s10072-024-07781-5. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Marco Longoni¹, Sebastiano Giacomozzi², Leonardo Pantoni³, Simone Vidale⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Bufalini Hospital, AUSLRomagna, Cesena, Italy. marco.longoni@auslromagna.it.
² Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Bufalini Hospital, AUSLRomagna, Cesena, Italy.
³ Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Neuroscience Research Center, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
⁴ Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, ASST Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy.

PMID: 39347866
DOI: 10.1007/s10072-024-07781-5

Abstract

Background: Endovascular treatment (EVT) is recommended for acute ischemic stroke due to large-vessel occlusion (LVO) and an ASPECTs ≥ 6. Recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have become available on effect of EVT in patients with LVO-related large core infarct stroke (ASPECTS 0-5). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of trials on patients with large core infarct treated with thrombectomy compared to best medical therapy (BMT).

Methods: The study followed PRISMA guidelines. Primary endpoint was functional independence at 90 days (modified Rankin Scale mRS < 3). Secondary endpoints were 3-month moderate disability (mRS < 4), excellent outcome (mRS < 2) and change in mRS (shift analysis). Safety outcomes were: symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) and 3-month mortality.

Results: Seven RCTs were included with a total of 1964 patients. Functional independence was significantly more frequent in EVT vs BMT group (19.4% vs 8%; OR = 2.72, 95%CI = 2.06-3.61, p_{heterogeneity} = 0.08; I2: 47%). Moderate outcome was also more prevalent in EVT group (OR = 2.00; 95%CI = 1.61 - 2.48, p_{heterogeneity} = 0.17; I2: 46%) as well as excellent outcome (OR: 1.54, 95%CI = 1.07 - 2.22, p_{heterogeneity} = 0.13; I2: 40%). Shift analysis was also significant with OR 1.59 (CI = 1.33-1.82 and p < 0.001). Finally sICH, that occurred in 68 patients, was more frequent in EVT (OR = 1.63, 95%CI = 0.99 - 2.69, p_{heterogeneity} = 0.68; I2: 0%) while 3 m mortality was reduced in EVT (31% vs 37,1%, OR 0.76 CI = 0.62-0.92).

Conclusions: This updated pooled data show that, in LVO-stroke patients with a large core infarct, EVT plus BMT (as compared to BMT alone) increases significantly the chances of achieving a good functional outcome at 90 days and reduces the 3- month mortality despite a marginal increase in acute sICH.

Keywords: Large ischemic stroke; Mechanical thrombectomy; Meta-analysis; Randomized controlled trial.