Water extract of ginseng alleviates parkinsonism in MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease mice

PLoS One. 2024 Sep 20;19(9):e0296424. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296424. eCollection 2024.

Abstract

In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effect of a water extract of ginseng (WEG) obtained via low-temperature extraction of the brain of mice with Parkinson's disease (PD) and the ameliorative effect on the damaged intestinal system for the treatment of dyskinesia in PD mice. MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) was injected intraperitoneally into male C57BL/6 mice to establish a PD model, and WEG was given via oral gavage. The results indicated that WEG could protect the damaged neuronal cells of the mice brain, inhibit the aggregation of α-synuclein (α-Syn) in the brain, and increase the positive expression rate of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). WEG significantly improved intestinal damage and regulated intestinal disorders (P<0.05). WEG intervention increased the levels of beneficial bacteria, such as Lactobacillus, and normalized the abundance and diversity of colonies in the intestine of mice. Our results suggested that WEG protected neurons in the brain of PD mice via inhibiting the aggregation of α-Syn in the brain and increasing the positive expression level of TH in the brain. WEG regulated the gut microbiota of mice, improved the behavioral disorders of PD mice, and offered some therapeutic effects on PD mice.

MeSH terms

  • 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine* / adverse effects
  • Animals
  • Brain / drug effects
  • Brain / metabolism
  • Brain / pathology
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Gastrointestinal Microbiome / drug effects
  • Male
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL*
  • Neuroprotective Agents / pharmacology
  • Neuroprotective Agents / therapeutic use
  • Panax* / chemistry
  • Parkinsonian Disorders / chemically induced
  • Parkinsonian Disorders / drug therapy
  • Parkinsonian Disorders / metabolism
  • Plant Extracts* / pharmacology
  • Plant Extracts* / therapeutic use
  • Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase / metabolism
  • Water / chemistry
  • alpha-Synuclein* / metabolism

Substances

  • Plant Extracts
  • alpha-Synuclein
  • 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
  • Neuroprotective Agents
  • Water
  • Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase

Grants and funding

This research was supported by grants from the Research and Development of Biological Macromolecular Components of Ginseng and velvet antler in Jilin Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project, Project number: 2021Z003, Strategic Adjustment of the Economic Structure of Jilin Province to Guide the Capital Projects, Project number: 2014N155, and Science and Technology Development Project of Jilin Province, Project number: 20140101124JC. It is also supported by Health science and technology ability Improvement Project of Jilin Province, Project number: 2022JC035. The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. These grants provided material support for our study.