Gut-vascular axis and postbiotics: The pharmacological potential of metabolites encourages broader definitions

Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 6, Pisa 56120, Italy. Electronic address: lorenzo.flori@farm.unipi.it.
• ² Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 6, Pisa 56120, Italy. Electronic address: giada.benedetti@phd.unipi.it.
• ³ Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 6, Pisa 56120, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Pisa 56120, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Centre of Ageing Biology and Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa 56120, Italy. Electronic address: alma.martelli@unipi.it.
• ⁴ Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 6, Pisa 56120, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Pisa 56120, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Centre of Ageing Biology and Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa 56120, Italy. Electronic address: vincenzo.calderone@unipi.it.