Long-term outcomes of metabolic surgery versus medical/lifestyle therapy on metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease in adults with obesity and type 2 diabetes

Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
• ² Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
• ³ Bariatric and Metabolic Institute, Department of General Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
• ⁴ Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA.
• ⁵ Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
• ⁶ Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, University of Washington and VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, USA.
• ⁷ Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
• ⁸ Metamor Institute, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.
• ⁹ Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
• ¹⁰ Division of General & GI Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
• ¹¹ Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.
• ¹² Weill Cornell Medicine Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, New York, New York, USA.