A realist synthesis of dementia education programmes for pre-registration nurses

Abstract

Aims: The escalating prevalence of dementia globally highlights the urgency for effective nursing care and dementia education. The aim of this review was to synthesize evidence on dementia education programmes for pre-registration nursing, exploring the types implemented, the contexts in which they operate, the mechanisms influencing their success, and their intended and unintended outcomes.

Design: A realist synthesis approach was employed to explore the functioning of complex interventions within specific contexts, acknowledging the intricate nature of dementia education programmes and the diverse settings in which they are implemented.

Data sources: A rigorous search strategy was implemented across databases including Medline, CINAHL, Scopus, and ProQuest Health and Medical, supplemented by hand searching and citation searching. Preliminary screening and refinement processes ensured comprehensive coverage of relevant literature.

Review methods: A systematic and iterative approach was adopted, involving quality assessment under the headings of relevance, rigour, and richness. Data extraction and synthesis processes were focused on identifying contexts, mechanisms, and outcomes relevant to dementia education in nursing.

Results: A total of 25 studies were reviewed. Key findings highlight the effectiveness of narrative-based learning, varied educational methods, and experienced providers in improving nursing students' knowledge, attitudes, and confidence. These approaches influenced care priorities and increased interest in working with people living with dementia. However, there is a noted gap in understanding the long-term benefits and academic impact of these programmes.

Conclusions: Dementia education programmes are pivotal in preparing nursing students for effective dementia care. The co-production and design involvement of people living with dementia in curricula development is recommended to enhance relevance and applicability. We call for further research into the long-term benefits of dementia education, the impact of academic recognition, and the alignment of programmes with nursing curricula.

Keywords: Dementia; Education; Nursing curricula; Nursing students; Realist review; Undergraduate nursing.