Effort minimization: A permanent, dynamic, and surmountable influence on physical activity

Affiliations

• ¹ Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, CA 90089, USA; Department of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, École normale supérieure de Rennes, Bruz 35170, France; VIPS(2) Laboratory, University of Rennes, Rennes 35000, France.
• ² University of Grenoble Alpes, SENS, F-38000 Grenoble, Saint-Martin-d'Hères 38400, France; Department of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, École normale supérieure de Rennes, Bruz 35170, France; VIPS(2) Laboratory, University of Rennes, Rennes 35000, France.
• ³ Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzen 518060, China; Department of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, École normale supérieure de Rennes, Bruz 35170, France; VIPS(2) Laboratory, University of Rennes, Rennes 35000, France.
• ⁴ Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China; Department of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, École normale supérieure de Rennes, Bruz 35170, France; VIPS(2) Laboratory, University of Rennes, Rennes 35000, France.
• ⁵ Laboratory MOVE (UR 20296), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Poitiers, Poitiers 86000, France; School of Kinesiology and Physical Activity Science (EKSAP), Faculty of Medicine. University of Montreal, Montreal, VIC 6128, Canada; Department of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, École normale supérieure de Rennes, Bruz 35170, France; VIPS(2) Laboratory, University of Rennes, Rennes 35000, France.
• ⁶ School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T1Z4, Canada; Department of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, École normale supérieure de Rennes, Bruz 35170, France; VIPS(2) Laboratory, University of Rennes, Rennes 35000, France.
• ⁷ Centre for Urban Transitions, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia; Physical Activity Laboratory, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 6492, Australia; Department of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, École normale supérieure de Rennes, Bruz 35170, France; VIPS(2) Laboratory, University of Rennes, Rennes 35000, France.
• ⁸ Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzen 518060, China; Department of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, École normale supérieure de Rennes, Bruz 35170, France; VIPS(2) Laboratory, University of Rennes, Rennes 35000, France. Electronic address: Liyezou123@gmail.com.
• ⁹ Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, CA 90089, USA; University of Grenoble Alpes, SENS, F-38000 Grenoble, Saint-Martin-d'Hères 38400, France; Department of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, École normale supérieure de Rennes, Bruz 35170, France; VIPS(2) Laboratory, University of Rennes, Rennes 35000, France. Electronic address: boris.cheval@ens-rennes.fr.