Epidemiology of Invasive Candidiasis

Derek J Bays; Emily N Jenkins; Meghan Lyman; Tom Chiller; Nora Strong; Luis Ostrosky-Zeichner; Martin Hoenigl; Peter G Pappas; George R Thompson Iii

doi:10.2147/CLEP.S459600

Epidemiology of Invasive Candidiasis

Clin Epidemiol. 2024 Aug 28:16:549-566. doi: 10.2147/CLEP.S459600. eCollection 2024.

Authors

Derek J Bays¹, Emily N Jenkins^{2

3}, Meghan Lyman³, Tom Chiller³, Nora Strong⁴, Luis Ostrosky-Zeichner⁴, Martin Hoenigl^{5

6

7}, Peter G Pappas⁸, George R Thompson Iii^{1

9}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.
² ASRT, Inc, Atlanta, GA, USA.
³ Mycotic Disease Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
⁴ Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
⁵ Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
⁶ Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
⁷ Clinical and Translational Fungal Working Group, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
⁸ Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
⁹ Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA.

Abstract

Invasive candidiasis (IC) is an increasingly prevalent, costly, and potentially fatal infection brought on by the opportunistic yeast, Candida. Previously, IC has predominantly been caused by C. albicans which is often drug susceptible. There has been a global trend towards decreasing rates of infection secondary to C. albicans and a rise in non-albicans species with a corresponding increase in drug resistance creating treatment challenges. With advances in management of malignancies, there has also been an increase in the population at risk from IC along with a corresponding increase in incidence of breakthrough IC infections. Additionally, the emergence of C. auris creates many challenges in management and prevention due to drug resistance and the organism's ability to transmit rapidly in the healthcare setting. While the development of novel antifungals is encouraging for future management, understanding the changing epidemiology of IC is a vital step in future management and prevention.

Keywords: Candida; emerging; epidemiology; non-albicans Candida species; resistance.

Publication types

Review