Western equine encephalitis: a pediatric case report

Arch Argent Pediatr. 2025 Feb 1;123(1):e202410392. doi: 10.5546/aap.2024-10392.eng. Epub 2024 Sep 5.
[Article in English, Spanish]

Abstract

Western equine encephalitis (WEE) is a zoonotic disease caused by an RNA virus of the genus Alphavirus, and humans are accidental hosts. Although most patients do not develop symptoms upon infection, children are at higher risk for neurological involvement. Here we describe the case of a previously healthy 13-year-old male patient who lived in an urban area in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, who was hospitalized and diagnosed with meningoencephalitis. Due to the torpid course of his condition and because none of the most frequent microorganisms were isolated, a test for IgG antibodies for WEE virus in blood and cerebrospinal fluid was requested; both samples were positive. WEE virus is often an underdiagnosed cause of encephalitis and should be taken into consideration in both rural and urban areas.

La encefalitis equina del oeste (EEO) es una zoonosis causada por un virus ARN del género Alphavirus, del cual los humanos son huéspedes accidentales. Aunque la mayoría de los pacientes no desarrollan síntomas al infectarse, los niños tienen mayor riesgo de presentar compromiso neurológico. Presentamos el caso de un paciente de sexo masculino de 13 años de edad, previamente sano, residente de un área urbana de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina, quien se internó con diagnóstico de meningoencefalitis. Por presentar evolución tórpida y, al no haber obtenido rescate microbiológico para los gérmenes más frecuentes, se solicitó la detección de anticuerpos IgG para el virus de EEO en sangre y en líquido cefalorraquídeo, ambos con resultado positivo. El virus de la EEO suele ser causa subdiagnosticada de encefalitis y debe ser considerado tanto en zonas rurales como urbanas.

Keywords: encephalitis; equine encephalitis; viral encephalitis.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Encephalomyelitis, Equine* / diagnosis
  • Encephalomyelitis, Equine* / virology
  • Humans
  • Male