Blood transfusion is a common therapeutic intervention in hospitalized patients. There are numerous indications for transfusion, including anemia and coagulopathy with deficiency of single or multiple coagulation components such as platelets or coagulation factors. Nevertheless, the practice of transfusion in critically ill patients has been controversial mainly due to a lack of evidence and the need to consider the appropriate clinical context for transfusion. Further, transfusion carries many risk factors that must be balanced with benefits. Therefore, transfusion practice in ICU patients has constantly evolved, and we endeavor to present a contemporary review of transfusion practices in this population guided by clinical trials and expert guidelines.
Keywords: acute coronary syndrome; adult; anemia; bleeding; blood; cardiac surgery; coagulation; coagulopathy; critically ill; erythrocyte; guideline; hemoglobin; hemostasis; intensive care; massive transfusion; plasma; platelet transfusion; platelets; point of care; practice; prophylactic transfusion; red blood cells; risk factors; surgery; thrombocytopenia; tranexamic acid; transfusion.