Periapical surgery and different root obturation protocols for upper central incisor: A finite elements analysis

Abstract

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of root canal filling using different obturation materials combined with apicoectomy in upper central incisors under loading with 1 N and 100 N. The effect of incomplete root formation was also investigated.

Methods: Based on a CBCT-scan, a model of an upper central incisor was created. The model was altered to simulate different clinical situations: root canal treatment, apicoectomy at two different lengths and with different obturation protocols, and immature root formation after trauma. In each model the tooth was loaded with 1 and 100 N, and peak Von Mises stress of bone and tooth, elastic strain of the periodontal ligament, as well as rotation and displacement of the tooth were measured.

Results: Periapical surgery increases stress in dentin and the surrounding bone. Different obturation materials only produce minor differences in a coronally intact tooth.

Conclusions: Interincisal angle or loading direction strongly affects all measured values and needs to be considered when planning periapical surgery or comparing finite element analysis. Immature roots show the highest stress values in this study, reaching half the yield strength of dentine.

Keywords: Apicoectomy; CBCT; Fibre reinforced post; Finite element analysis; Immature root; Root canal treatment; Upper central incisor.