Toxicant Exposures and Health Symptoms in Military Pesticide Applicators From the 1991 Gulf War

J Occup Environ Med. 2024 Nov 1;66(11):e584-e592. doi: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000003215. Epub 2024 Aug 26.

Abstract

Objective: The chronic impact of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and other toxicants on Gulf War (GW) veterans' health symptoms is unclear.

Methods: Building on reports of adverse neuropsychological outcomes in GW pesticide applicators exposed to pesticides and pyridostigmine bromide, we now report on health symptoms in this group.

Results: In adjusted analyses, applicators with high exposures/impact to pesticides reported significantly more symptoms (18/34 symptoms) than applicators with lower exposures/impact and were more likely to meet modified Kansas and CDC Gulf War Illness criteria. The high pyridostigmine bromide exposure/impact group was 3 times more likely to report irregular heart rates. With regard to specific pesticide types, fly baits, pest strips, and delousers were the most associated with increased health symptom reporting.

Conclusions: These results suggest that GW veterans with high acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and organochlorine exposures are most at risk for chronic health symptoms.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Cholinesterase Inhibitors*
  • Female
  • Gulf War*
  • Humans
  • Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / adverse effects
  • Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / toxicity
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Military Personnel / statistics & numerical data
  • Occupational Exposure* / adverse effects
  • Persian Gulf Syndrome* / chemically induced
  • Persian Gulf Syndrome* / epidemiology
  • Pesticides* / toxicity
  • Pyridostigmine Bromide*
  • United States / epidemiology
  • Veterans / statistics & numerical data

Substances

  • Pesticides
  • Cholinesterase Inhibitors
  • Pyridostigmine Bromide
  • Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated