Bioinspired construction of ATP/Co-Al-Zn LDH nanozyme with enhanced peroxidase-mimic performance for efficient bactericidal activity through membrane disruption

Int J Biol Macromol. 2024 Oct;278(Pt 4):134968. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134968. Epub 2024 Aug 23.

Abstract

In recent years, overuse of antibiotics has led to emerging antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria. Consequently, creating new, highly productive antibacterial agents is crucial. In this work, we synthesized copper-aluminum-zinc layered double hydroxide (Co-Al-Zn LDH) and modified it using adenosine triphosphate. After characterization, the enzyme-like activity of the prepared particles was evaluated. The results indicated peroxidase-mimic performance of ATP/Co-Al-Zn LDH with Km values of 0.38 mM and 1.69 mM for TMB (3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), respectively, which were lower than that of horseradish peroxidase. The highest peroxidase-like activity of ATP/Co-Al-Zn LDH was achieved at 20 °C, pH 4, with a 1.02 mg/mL catalyst, 231 μM TMB, and 1.9 mM H2O2. The bactericidal activity of the developed nanozyme was studied against E. coli and S. aureus. The peroxidase-mimic nanozyme decomposes H2O2 and generates free radicals to kill bacteria in vitro. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ATP/Co-Al-Zn LDH was 15 μg/mL and 20 μg/mL for S. aureus and E. coli, respectively. The morphological characteristics of the nanozyme-treated bacterial cells showed dramatic changes in bacterial morphology. Our results revealed higher antibacterial activity of ATP/Co-Al-Zn LDH against S. aureus. Therefore, the developed nanozyme could serve as a substitute for conventional antibiotics.

Keywords: Antibacterial mechanism; Antibiotic-resistant bacteria; Layered double hydroxides; Nanozyme.

MeSH terms

  • Adenosine Triphosphate* / metabolism
  • Aluminum / chemistry
  • Aluminum / pharmacology
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents* / chemistry
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents* / pharmacology
  • Biomimetic Materials / chemistry
  • Biomimetic Materials / pharmacology
  • Catalysis
  • Cell Membrane / drug effects
  • Cell Membrane / metabolism
  • Copper / chemistry
  • Copper / pharmacology
  • Escherichia coli / drug effects
  • Hydrogen Peroxide* / chemistry
  • Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
  • Hydroxides / chemistry
  • Microbial Sensitivity Tests
  • Peroxidase* / metabolism
  • Staphylococcus aureus* / drug effects
  • Zinc* / chemistry
  • Zinc* / pharmacology

Substances

  • Anti-Bacterial Agents
  • Adenosine Triphosphate
  • Peroxidase
  • Zinc
  • Hydrogen Peroxide
  • Aluminum
  • Copper
  • Hydroxides