The impact of comorbidities and functional status on outcomes in the older adult emergency general surgery patient

Am J Surg. 2024 Nov:237:115903. doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2024.115903. Epub 2024 Aug 15.

Abstract

Background: The aim of this study is to quantify the relative contribution of comorbidities and pre-operative functional status on outcomes in geriatric emergency general surgery (EGS) patients.

Methods: This is a retrospective study of older-adult EGS patients at an academic medical center between 2017 and 2018. Patients ≥65 years were included. The primary outcomes examined were 30-day mortality, 30-day morbidity, and length of stay (LOS).

Results: 734 patients were included. The mean age was 76, and 48.9 ​% received non-operative management. The median LOS was 6.8 days; 11.8 ​% of patients died within 30 days, and 40.6 ​% developed morbidities. Lacking capacity to consent on admission was independently associated with 30-day mortality (OR: 2.63, [1.32-5.25], p ​= ​0.006). Comorbidities associated with developing morbidity were CVA with neurologic deficit (OR: 2.29, [1.20-4.36], p ​= ​0.012), CHF (OR: 2.60, [1.64-4.11], p ​< ​0.001), in addition to pre-operative delirium (OR: 3.42, [1.43-8.14], p ​= ​0.006).

Conclusions: A significant contribution to outcomes is determined by pre-admission comorbidities and cognitive and functional status. Opportunities exist for collaboration between Acute Care Surgery and geriatric medicine teams for the optimization of comorbidities.

Keywords: Comorbidities; Emergency general surgery; Functional status; Geriatric.

MeSH terms

  • Acute Care Surgery
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Comorbidity*
  • Emergencies
  • Female
  • Functional Status*
  • General Surgery
  • Geriatric Assessment
  • Humans
  • Length of Stay* / statistics & numerical data
  • Male
  • Postoperative Complications / epidemiology
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Surgical Procedures, Operative / statistics & numerical data