Aims: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes severe lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) in infants and adults. While the clinical burden was recently estimated in adults in Germany, little is known about the economic burden. To fill this gap, this study aimed to assess hospital and outpatient healthcare resource utilization (HRU) and costs of RSV infections in adults in Germany.
Methods: In this retrospective, observational study on nationwide, representative, anonymized claims data (2015-2018), we identified patients ≥18 years with ICD-10-GM-codes specific to RSV ("RSV-specific"). To increase sensitivity, patients with unspecified LRTIs (including unspecified bronchitis, bronchiolitis, bronchopneumonia, and pneumonia) during RSV seasons were also included as cases potentially caused by RSV ("RSV-possible"). RSV-related HRU (hospital days, ICU and ventilation treatment, drug dispensation) and direct costs were estimated per episode. Excess costs per episode and for follow-up periods were compared to a matched control cohort. All outcomes were reported per healthcare sector and stratified by age and risk groups as well as disease severity (ICU admission/ventilation).
Results: Direct inpatient and outpatient mean episode costs were 3,473€ and 82€, respectively, with substantially higher costs for severe cases requiring intensive care and/or ventilation (10,801€). Direct costs for RSV-specific cases were higher than for RSV-possible cases (inpatients: 6,247€ vs. 3,450€; outpatients: 127€ vs. 82€). Moreover, costs were significantly higher for RSV patients than for controls and increased over time (inpatients: 5,140€ per episode vs 10,093€ per year; outpatients: 46€ per quarter vs 114€ per year).
Limitations: While the number of RSV-specific cases was low, inclusion of seasonal LRTI cases likely increased the sensitivity to detect RSV cases and allowed a better estimation of the total costs of RSV.
Conclusions: The economic burden of RSV-LRTI in adults in Germany is substantial, persists long-term, and is particularly high in the elderly. This highlights the need for cost-effective prevention measures.
Keywords: H; H5; H51; I; I1; I11; I18; LRTI; RSV; Respiratory syncytial virus; costs; economic burden; hospital; inpatient; lower respiratory tract infections; outpatient; real world evidence.