A handy way for forming N-doped TiO2/carbon from pectin and d,l-serine hydrazide hydrochloride

Int J Biol Macromol. 2024 Oct;277(Pt 2):134155. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134155. Epub 2024 Aug 4.

Abstract

N-doped TiO2/carbon composites (N-TiPC) have shown excellent photodegradation performances to the organic contaminants but are limited by the multistage preparation (i.e., preparation of porous carbon, preparation of N-doped TiO2, and loading of N-doped TiO2 on porous carbon). Here, we develop a handy way by combining the Pickering emulsion-gel template route and chelation reaction of polysaccharides. The N-TiPC is obtained by calcinating pectin/Dl-serine hydrazide hydrochloride (SHH)-Ti4+ chelate and is further described by modern characterization techniques. The results show that the N atom is successfully doped into the TiO2 lattice, and the bandgap value of N-TiPC is reduced to 2.3 eV. Moreover, the particle size of N-TiPC remains about 10 nm. The configurations of the composites are simulated using DFT calculation. The photocatalytic experiments show that N-TiPC has a high removal efficiency for methylene blue (MB) and oxytetracycline hydrochloride (OTC-HCL). The removal ratios of MB (20 mg/L, 50 mL) and OTC-HCL (30 mg/L, 50 mL) are 99.41 % and 78.29 %, respectively. The cyclic experiments show that the photocatalyst has good stability. Overall, this study provides a handy way to form N-TiPC with enhanced photodegradation performances. It can also be promoted to other macromolecules such as cellulose and its derivatives, sodium alginate, chitosan, lignin, etc.

Keywords: Carbon; N-doped TiO(2); Photocatalysis; Pickering emulsion template; Porous materials; Removal.

MeSH terms

  • Carbon* / chemistry
  • Catalysis
  • Methylene Blue / chemistry
  • Nitrogen / chemistry
  • Pectins* / chemistry
  • Photolysis
  • Porosity
  • Serine* / chemistry
  • Titanium* / chemistry

Substances

  • titanium dioxide
  • Pectins
  • Titanium
  • Carbon
  • Serine
  • Nitrogen
  • Methylene Blue