Background: The current study uses a nationally representative longitudinal dataset of sexual minority adults in the US to investigate the pathways from adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) to adulthood suicidal thoughts and behaviors.
Methods: ACEs were measured at year one, potential mediators at year two, and suicidal thoughts and behaviors (suicidal ideation, intent, plan, and attempt) at year three. We conducted an exploratory mediation analysis to identify potential mediating factors linking ACEs to suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Ten candidate mediators were examined: social well-being, felt stigma, experiences of everyday discrimination, social support, psychological distress, alcohol and drug use, importance of sexual identity, community connection, and internalized homophobia.
Results: Participants were 1518 adults who identified as lesbian or gay (n = 833; 55 %), bisexual (n = 493; 33 %), or with other sexual minority identities (n = 181; 12 %) and were on average 36.48 years (SD = 14.7) of age. Psychological distress served as a common mediator between ACEs and suicidal ideation, intent, plan, and attempt. Additionally, experiences of everyday discrimination emerged as a specific mediator leading to suicidal intent, whereas social support uniquely mediated the relation between ACEs and suicide plan.
Limitations: Potential recall bias due to retrospective reporting of ACEs may be a limitation. Future studies should broaden the measurement scope of ACEs and implement intersectional methods.
Conclusion: The current findings underscore the urgent need for targeted interventions that address the specific mental health needs of sexual minority individuals, particularly focusing on mitigating psychological distress, combating systemic discrimination, and enhancing social support.
Keywords: Adverse childhood experiences; Exploratory mediation analysis; Sexual minorities; Suicide.
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