Breaking the borders of wakefulness and sleep-the search for novel biomarkers to quantify sleepiness

Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
• ² Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
• ³ Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
• ⁴ Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and University of Bern, Switzerland.
• ⁵ Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), Sleep-Wake Centre, Heemstede, The Netherlands.
• ⁶ Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.