Objective: To compare transperineal prostate biopsy (TPB) with transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy (TRUSB) in detection of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) and insignificant PCa (insPCa).
Methods: We conducted a prospective randomized clinical study on 279 patients receiving TPB (n = 144) or TRUSB (n = 135) from January 2022 to January 2023, and compared the detection rates of csPCa and insPCa between the two groups.
Results: The detection rate of PCa was significantly higher in the TPB than in the TRUSB group (37.50% vs 28.15%, P = 0.026). There were no statistically significant differences between the TPB and TRUSB groups in the detection rates of insPCa (6.94% ［n = 10］ vs 4.45% ［n = 6］, P > 0.05) and csPCa (30.56% ［n = 44］ vs 23.70% ［n = 32］, P > 0.05), nor in the detection rate of csPCa between different groups of age, PSA concentration and prostate volume (P > 0.05). No statistically significant differences were observed between the TPB and TRUSB groups either in the positive rate of biopsy punctures (［16.44 ± 2.86］% vs ［12.48 ± 2.39］%, P > 0.05) or in the biopsy-related complications of urinary retention, urinary tract infection, hematuria and rectal bleeding (P > 0.05).
Conclusion: TPB is more effective than TRUSB in detection of PCa, but there is no statistically significant difference between the two approaches in the detection rates of csPCa and insPCa.
Keywords: ultrasound; prostate biopsy; clinically significant prostate cancer; clinically insignificant prostate cancer.