Long-term outcomes after echocardiography versus fluoroscopy-guided left atrial appendage closure: Is there still a role for a simplified approach?

Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2024 Aug;104(2):343-355. doi: 10.1002/ccd.31126. Epub 2024 Jun 20.

Abstract

Background: Left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) represents an alternative to oral anticoagulation for stroke prevention in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF). While transoesophageal echocardiography is the current standard for guiding LAAC procedures, several centers have employed fluoroscopic guidance alone. However, data on long-term outcomes are lacking.

Methods: A total of 536 patients with AF undergoing LAAC and with available data on long-term follow-up were included in the retrospective, single-center analysis. Outcomes of patients undergoing fluoroscopy-guided LAAC were compared with those undergoing echocardiography guided LAAC. Time-dependent analysis was performed with the Kaplan-Meier method.

Results: A total of 234 (44%) and 302 (56%) patients were treated with echocardiography and fluoroscopy guidance, respectively. Baseline characteristics did not differ between the two groups. Procedural success rates were high in both groups (97% of fluoroscopy vs. 98% of echocardiography guided procedures; p = 0.92) and rates of relevant peri-device leaks (p = 0.50) and device-related thrombus formation (p = 0.22) did not differ between groups. Median clinical follow-up time was 48 (IQR 19-73) months. Rates of all-cause mortality (p = 0.15, HR 0.83, CI 0.64-1.07) and stroke (p = 0.076, HR 2.23, CI 0.90-5.54) were comparable among groups.

Conclusion: LAAC with fluoroscopy guidance alone is equally safe and leads to similar clinical outcome compared to LAAC with additional echocardiography guidance.

Keywords: echocardiography guidance; fluoroscopy guidance; left atrial appendage closure.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study

MeSH terms

  • Atrial Appendage / diagnostic imaging
  • Atrial Appendage / physiopathology
  • Atrial Fibrillation* / complications
  • Atrial Fibrillation* / diagnostic imaging
  • Atrial Fibrillation* / mortality
  • Atrial Fibrillation* / therapy
  • Echocardiography, Transesophageal*
  • Fluoroscopy
  • Humans
  • Left Atrial Appendage Closure* / adverse effects
  • Left Atrial Appendage Closure* / instrumentation
  • Predictive Value of Tests
  • Radiography, Interventional* / adverse effects
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Risk Factors
  • Stroke* / etiology
  • Stroke* / prevention & control
  • Time Factors
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Ultrasonography, Interventional* / adverse effects