Performance of Purpose-Built vs Off-Label Transcatheter Devices for Aortic Regurgitation: The PURPOSE Study

JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2024 Jul 8;17(13):1597-1606. doi: 10.1016/j.jcin.2024.05.019.

Abstract

Background: Severe pure aortic regurgitation (AR) carries a high mortality and morbidity risk, and it is often undertreated because of the inherent surgical risk. Transcatheter heart valves (THVs) have been used off-label in this setting with overall suboptimal results. The dedicated "purpose-built" Jena Valve Trilogy (JVT, JenaValve Technology) showed an encouraging performance, although it has never been compared to other THVs.

Objectives: The aim of our study was to assess the performance of the latest iteration of THVs used off-label in comparison to the purpose-built JVT in inoperable patients with severe AR.

Methods: We performed a multicenter, retrospective registry with 18 participating centers worldwide collecting data on inoperable patients with severe AR of the native valve. A bicuspid aortic valve was the main exclusion criterion. The primary endpoints were technical and device success, 1-year all-cause mortality, and the composite of 1-year mortality and the heart failure rehospitalization rate.

Results: Overall, 256 patients were enrolled. THVs used off-label were used in 168 cases (66%), whereas JVT was used in 88 (34%). JVT had higher technical (81% vs 98%; P < 0.001) and device success rates (73% vs 95%; P < 0.001), primarily driven by significantly lower incidences of THV embolization (15% vs 1.1%; P < 0.001), the need for a second valve (11% vs 1.1%; P = 0.004), and moderate residual AR (10% vs 1.1%; P = 0.007). The permanent pacemaker implantation rate was comparable and elevated for both groups (22% vs 24%; P = 0.70). Finally, no significant difference was observed at the 1-year follow-up in terms of mortality (HR: 0.99; P = 0.980) and the composite endpoint (HR: 1.5; P = 0.355).

Conclusions: The JVT platform has a better acute performance than other THVs when used off-label for inoperable patients with severe AR. A longer follow-up is conceivably needed to detect a possible impact on prognosis.

Keywords: JenaValve Trilogy; dedicated device; pure native aortic regurgitation; transcatheter aortic valve replacement.

Publication types

  • Multicenter Study
  • Comparative Study

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Aortic Valve Insufficiency* / diagnostic imaging
  • Aortic Valve Insufficiency* / etiology
  • Aortic Valve Insufficiency* / mortality
  • Aortic Valve Insufficiency* / physiopathology
  • Aortic Valve* / diagnostic imaging
  • Aortic Valve* / physiopathology
  • Aortic Valve* / surgery
  • Europe
  • Female
  • Heart Failure / diagnosis
  • Heart Failure / mortality
  • Heart Failure / physiopathology
  • Heart Failure / therapy
  • Heart Valve Prosthesis*
  • Hemodynamics
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Patient Readmission
  • Prosthesis Design*
  • Recovery of Function
  • Registries*
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Risk Factors
  • Severity of Illness Index*
  • Time Factors
  • Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement* / adverse effects
  • Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement* / instrumentation
  • Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement* / mortality
  • Treatment Outcome