Glycyrrhetinic acid triggers a protective autophagy by inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3 pathway in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury

Neuroscience. 2024 Aug 30:554:96-106. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.06.026. Epub 2024 Jul 2.

Abstract

Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI) is a common feature of ischemic stroke leading to a poor prognosis. Effective treatments targeting I/R injury are still insufficient. The study aimed to investigate the mechanisms, by which glycyrrhizic acid (18β-GA) in ameliorates CIRI. Our results showed that 18β-GA significantly decreased the infarct volume, neurological deficit scores, and pathological changes in the brain tissue of rats after middle cerebral artery occlusion. Western blotting showed that 18β-GA inhibited the expression levels of phosphorylated JAK2 and phosphorylated STAT3. Meanwhile, 18β-GA increased LC3-II protein levels in a reperfusion duration-dependent manner, which was accompanied by an increase in the Bcl-2/Bax ratio. Inhibition of 18β-GA-induced autophagy by 3-methyladenine (3-MA) enhanced apoptotic cell death. In addition, 18β-GA inhibited the JAK2/STAT3 pathway, which was largely activated in response to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation. However, the JAK2/STAT3 activator colivelin TFA abolished the inhibitory effect of 18β-GA, suppressed autophagy, and significantly decreased the Bcl-2/Bax ratio. Taken together, these findings suggested that 18β-GA pretreatment ameliorated CIRI partly by triggering a protective autophagy via the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Therefore might be a potential drug candidate for treating ischemic stroke.

Keywords: Autophagy; Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury; Glycyrrhetinic Acid; JAK2/STAT3 Pathway.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Apoptosis / drug effects
  • Autophagy* / drug effects
  • Autophagy* / physiology
  • Brain / drug effects
  • Brain / metabolism
  • Brain / pathology
  • Brain Ischemia / drug therapy
  • Brain Ischemia / metabolism
  • Brain Ischemia / pathology
  • Glycyrrhizic Acid / pharmacology
  • Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery* / drug therapy
  • Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery* / metabolism
  • Janus Kinase 2* / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Janus Kinase 2* / metabolism
  • Male
  • Neuroprotective Agents* / pharmacology
  • Rats
  • Rats, Sprague-Dawley*
  • Reperfusion Injury* / drug therapy
  • Reperfusion Injury* / metabolism
  • STAT3 Transcription Factor* / metabolism
  • Signal Transduction* / drug effects
  • Signal Transduction* / physiology

Substances

  • Janus Kinase 2
  • STAT3 Transcription Factor
  • Stat3 protein, rat
  • Jak2 protein, rat
  • Neuroprotective Agents
  • Glycyrrhizic Acid