Kinematical alignment better restores native patellar tracking pattern than mechanical alignment

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess whether kinematic alignment (KA) outperforms mechanical alignment (MA) in restoring patellar tracking to native patterns by using a clustering algorithm.

Methods: Twenty cadavers (40 knees) were evaluated. For each cadaver, one knee was randomly assigned to KA and the other to MA. KA total knee arthroplasty (TKA) procedures were performed using a caliper-verified technique, while MA TKA procedures utilized a measured resection technique. Subsequently, all specimens were mounted on a customized knee-testing system, and patellar tracking was measured using a motion analysis system. All patellar tracking data were clustered using the density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise algorithm. Differences in patellar tracking patterns and the restoration of native patellar tracking were compared between the two alignment strategies.

Results: Patellar tracking patterns following KA were considerably different from MA. Pre- and post-TKA patellar tracking patterns following MA were grouped into separate clusters, whereas a substantial proportion of patellar tracking patterns following KA were grouped into the pre-TKA dominant cluster. Compared to MA, a greater proportion of patellar tracking patterns following KA showed similar patterns to native knees (p < 0.05) and more patellar tracking patterns following KA paired with preoperative patterns (p < 0.01).

Conclusion: KA restored native patellar tracking patterns more closely compared to MA.

Level of evidence: Level I, therapeutic study.

Keywords: clustering; kinematic alignment; mechanical alignment; patellar tracking; total knee arthroplasty.