Process approach as a cognitive biomarker related to gray matter volume in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease

BMC Neurol. 2024 Jun 13;24(1):199. doi: 10.1186/s12883-024-03711-2.

Abstract

Background: Process approach is valuable for memory assessment in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), yet its underlying mechanisms remain elusive. This study aims to synergize the process approach with brain structure analysis to explore both the discriminative capacity and potential mechanisms underlying the process approach.

Methods: 37 subjects of MCI, 35 subjects of AD and 38 subjects of healthy control (HC) were included. The process approach in Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT), including discriminability (A'), response bias (B"D), semantic clustering (LBCsem) and serial clustering (LBCser) was performed. The gray matter volume (GMV) was analyzed by voxel-based morphometry. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and partial correlations were conducted to explore the value of the process approach and investigate the relationship between the process approach, traditional indices of AVLT and GMV.

Results: ROC analysis showed the value of A', B"D and LBCser in differentiating MCI and AD. Combining AVLT-Immediately Recall (AVLT-IR) and LBCser showed a higher value in diagnosing MCI. Partial correlations revealed that in the MCI group, A' and B"D were mainly positively associated with GMV of the hippocampus and temporal lobe.

Conclusion: This study indicated that the process approach is a promising cognitive biomarker to detect MCI and AD.

Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; Gray matter volume; Mild cognitive impairment; Neuropsychological assessment; Process approach.

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Alzheimer Disease* / diagnosis
  • Alzheimer Disease* / diagnostic imaging
  • Alzheimer Disease* / pathology
  • Biomarkers*
  • Cognitive Dysfunction* / diagnosis
  • Cognitive Dysfunction* / diagnostic imaging
  • Cognitive Dysfunction* / pathology
  • Female
  • Gray Matter* / diagnostic imaging
  • Gray Matter* / pathology
  • Humans
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging* / methods
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Neuropsychological Tests / statistics & numerical data

Substances

  • Biomarkers