Tobacco exposure and alcohol drinking prevalence and associations with hypertension in rural southwest China: A cross-sectional study

Guohui Li; Lan Liu; Du-Li Liu; Zi-Zi Yu; Allison R Golden; Xiang-Yang Yin; Le Cai

doi:10.18332/tid/189222

Tobacco exposure and alcohol drinking prevalence and associations with hypertension in rural southwest China: A cross-sectional study

Tob Induc Dis. 2024 Jun 10:22. doi: 10.18332/tid/189222. eCollection 2024.

Authors

Guohui Li^{1

2}, Lan Liu^{1

2}, Du-Li Liu^{1

2}, Zi-Zi Yu^{1

2}, Allison R Golden², Xiang-Yang Yin², Le Cai^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
² Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Public Health and Biosafety, School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University.

Abstract

Introduction: This study examined the prevalence of tobacco exposure and drinking and ascertained the relationships between tobacco exposure, alcohol drinking, concurrent smoking and drinking, and hypertension in rural southwestern China.

Methods: Data were collected from a cross-sectional health interview and examination survey, which included 7572 adults aged ≥35 years, in rural China. Participant demographic characteristics, smoking habits, exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS), and alcohol drinking habits were obtained using a standard questionnaire. Blood pressure (BP), height, weight, and waist circumference were measured for each participant.

Results: The overall prevalence of smoking, SHS exposure, drinking, concurrent smoking and drinking, concurrent exposure to SHS and drinking, and hypertension was 37.7%, 27.4%, 16.2%, 12.6%, 1.6%, and 41.3%, respectively. Males had a significantly higher prevalence of smoking (74.1% vs 2.2%, p<0.01), drinking (31.1% vs 1.7%, p<0.01), and concurrent smoking and drinking than females (25.3% vs 0.3%, p<0.01). However, females had a higher prevalence of SHS exposure than males (30.2% vs 20.6%, p<0.01). Ethnic minorities had a higher prevalence of SHS exposure, drinking, and concurrent smoking and drinking, than Han participants (p<0.01). Participants with a higher education level had a higher prevalence of smoking, drinking, and concurrent smoking and drinking than their counterparts (p<0.01). In contrast, participants with a lower education level had a higher prevalence of SHS exposure than their counterparts (p<0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis found that smokers (AOR=1.31; 95% CI: 1.13-1.51), individuals exposed to SHS (AOR=1.24; 95% CI: 1.11-1.43), drinkers (AOR=1.31; 95%: CI: 1.15-1.50), and concurrent smokers and drinkers (AOR=1.45; 95% CI: 1.25-1.67) all had a higher probability of having hypertension (p<0.01). Additionally, concurrent smoking and drinking had the strongest association with the prevalence of hypertension (AOR=1.45; 95% CI: 1.25-1.67; p<0.01).

Conclusions: Socioeconomic factors play an important role in influencing the prevalence of smoking, exposure to SHS, and drinking in rural southwest China. Interventions to prevent and reduce hypertension should, in particular, focus on smokers, individuals exposed to SHS, drinkers, and, in particular, concurrent smokers and drinkers.

Keywords: China; alcohol drinking; exposure to secondhand smoke; hypertension; smoking.

Grants and funding

FUNDING The data collection and analysis of this study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Fund of China (72064026), Major Union Specific Project Foundation of Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department and Kunming Medical University (202401AY070001-027), and Yunnan Provincial Philosophy and Social Science Innovative Research Team (2023CX11). The funders had no role in the study design, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.