Antitumor Effect of Apcin on Endometrial Carcinoma via p21-Mediated Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis

Curr Med Sci. 2024 Jun;44(3):623-632. doi: 10.1007/s11596-024-2877-z. Epub 2024 Jun 10.

Abstract

Objective: Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is a prevalent gynecological malignancy characterized by increasing incidence and mortality rates. This underscores the critical need for novel therapeutic targets. One such potential target is cell division cycle 20 (CDC20), which has been implicated in oncogenesis. This study investigated the effect of the CDC20 inhibitor Apcin on EC and elucidated the underlying mechanism involved.

Methods: The effects of Apcin on EC cell proliferation, apoptosis, and the cell cycle were evaluated using CCK8 assays and flow cytometry. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was subsequently conducted to explore the underlying molecular mechanism, and Western blotting and coimmunoprecipitation were subsequently performed to validate the results. Animal studies were performed to evaluate the antitumor effects in vivo. Bioinformatics analysis was also conducted to identify CDC20 as a potential therapeutic target in EC.

Results: Treatment with Apcin inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in EC cells, resulting in cell cycle arrest. Pathways associated with apoptosis and the cell cycle were activated following treatment with Apcin. Notably, Apcin treatment led to the upregulation of the cell cycle regulator p21, which was verified to interact with CDC20 and consequently decrease the expression of downstream cyclins in EC cells. In vivo experiments confirmed that Apcin treatment significantly impeded tumor growth. Higher CDC20 expression was observed in EC tissue than in nonmalignant tissue, and increased CDC20 expression in EC patients was associated with shorter overall survival and progress free interval.

Conclusion: CDC20 is a novel molecular target in EC, and Apcin could be developed as a candidate antitumor drug for EC treatment.

Keywords: BBC3; CDC20; apoptosis; cell cycle arrest; endometrial carcinoma; p21.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antineoplastic Agents / pharmacology
  • Apoptosis* / drug effects
  • Cdc20 Proteins* / genetics
  • Cdc20 Proteins* / metabolism
  • Cell Cycle Checkpoints* / drug effects
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Cell Proliferation* / drug effects
  • Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21* / genetics
  • Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21* / metabolism
  • Endometrial Neoplasms* / drug therapy
  • Endometrial Neoplasms* / genetics
  • Endometrial Neoplasms* / metabolism
  • Endometrial Neoplasms* / pathology
  • Female
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / drug effects
  • Humans
  • Mice
  • Mice, Nude
  • Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

Substances

  • Cdc20 Proteins
  • Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21
  • CDC20 protein, human
  • Antineoplastic Agents
  • CDKN1A protein, human