[Thyroid surgery in a context of scarce resources at Saint Martin de Porres Dominican Hospital (Yaounde, Cameroon)]

Med Trop Sante Int. 2024 Mar 19;4(1):mtsi.v4i1.2024.443. doi: 10.48327/mtsi.v4i1.2024.443. eCollection 2024 Mar 31.
[Article in French]

Abstract

Introduction: Surgical campaigns for thyroid surgery in low-income environments are very efficient, but there is little literature reporting results. These campaigns are complex due to multiple particularities: highly evolved cases, the need for professionals to travel or an obvious socio-cultural barrier influence towards the surgical act. We describe a surgical campaign in Cameroon to treat patients with goiter and issue some medical and sociocultural recommendations in view of our experience for its implementation with guarantees.

Material and methods: An experienced group carried out an 11-day campaign at the Saint Martin de Porres Dominican Hospital, Yaounde, Cameroon. Demographic data, TSH values, surgery and complications after a 12-month follow-up were analyzed.

Results: Thirty-eight patients with goiter were selected for the campaign and 32 patients (mean age, 40-years-old; 30 females) were operated. Bilateral goiter, as assessed with echography, was diagnosed in 13 patients (41%). Ten patients (31%) had a WHO grade II goiter (visible with the neck in a normal position). The surgical procedures were 18 unilateral thyroidectomy with isthmectomie, 13 total thyroidectomy, and 1 totalizing thyroidectomy, due to previous unilateral thyroidectomy (cancer recurrence). A pathological study in 13 patients (40%, extra cost 60 €) showed benign multinodular goiter/thyroid nodule (12 patients) and an extensive papillary carcinoma (one patient). Six months postoperatively, 3 patients had a slight dysphonia and one patient had persistent hypocalcemia. Follow-up was completed in all patients, either face to face (75%, 24 patients) or by phone (25%, 8 patients who failed to have a TSH test because of its cost, 23 €).

Conclusions: Surgical campaigns to treat thyroid pathology can be carried out with guarantees if a series of important steps are followed: active participation of the patient's environment, thyroid ultrasound by the surgical team to decide which technique, intense awareness about monitoring and hormone replacement therapy, and the participation of local personnel for long-term follow-up.

Introduction: Les résultats des campagnes de chirurgie thyroïdienne dans des populations disposant de faibles ressources sont rarement évalués.

Matériel et méthodes: Une campagne de 11 jours a été réalisée à l'hôpital dominicain Saint Martin de Porres. Les données démographiques, les valeurs de TSH, la chirurgie et les complications après 12 mois de suivi ont été analysées.

Résultats: Trente-deux patients ont été opérés. Treize patients avaient un goitre bilatéral, 10 patients un goitre grade II de l'OMS. Dix-huit hémithyroïdectomies (lobo-isthmectomie), 13 thyroïdectomies totales et 1 thyroïdectomie totalisante ont été réalisées. À 12 mois, 3 patients présentaient une dysphonie légère et un patient présentait une hypocalcémie persistante. Le suivi a été effectué directement pour 24 patients ou par téléphone (8 patients) pour ceux ne pouvant se déplacer.

Conclusions: Une série d’étapes importantes doit être respectée : participation active de l'entourage du patient, échographie thyroïdienne par l’équipe chirurgicale pour décider de la technique, sensibilisation intense à la surveillance et à l'hormonothérapie substitutive, et participation du personnel local pour un contrôle à long terme.

Keywords: Cameroon; Cooperation; Dysphonia; Goiter; Hypocalcemia; Saint Martin de Porres Dominican Hospital; Sub-Saharan Africa; Thyroid; Thyroidectomy; Yaounde.

Publication types

  • English Abstract

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Cameroon
  • Female
  • Goiter / surgery
  • Health Resources
  • Hospitals
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Thyroidectomy*
  • Young Adult