Nirsevimab Effectiveness Against Cases of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Bronchiolitis Hospitalised in Paediatric Intensive Care Units in France, September 2023-January 2024

Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2024 Jun;18(6):e13311. doi: 10.1111/irv.13311.

Abstract

In September 2023, France was one of the first countries that started a national immunisation campaign with nirsevimab, a new monoclonal antibody against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Using data from a network of paediatric intensive care units (PICUs), we aimed to estimate nirsevimab effectiveness against severe cases of RSV bronchiolitis in France. We conducted a case-control study based on the test-negative design and included 288 infants reported by 20 PICUs. We estimated nirsevimab effectiveness at 75.9% (48.5-88.7) in the main analysis and 80.6% (61.6-90.3) and 80.4% (61.7-89.9) in two sensitivity analyses. These real-world estimates confirmed the efficacy observed in clinical studies.

Keywords: bronchiolitis; case–control studies; immunisation; monoclonal antibodies; nirsevimab; paediatric intensive care units; respiratory syncytial virus; treatment effectiveness.

MeSH terms

  • Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / therapeutic use
  • Antiviral Agents / therapeutic use
  • Bronchiolitis / drug therapy
  • Bronchiolitis / virology
  • Bronchiolitis, Viral / drug therapy
  • Bronchiolitis, Viral / virology
  • Case-Control Studies
  • Female
  • France / epidemiology
  • Hospitalization* / statistics & numerical data
  • Humans
  • Infant
  • Intensive Care Units, Pediatric* / statistics & numerical data
  • Male
  • Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections* / drug therapy
  • Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human / drug effects
  • Treatment Outcome

Substances

  • Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
  • Antiviral Agents