Snoring-generated fluid droplets as a potential mechanistic link between sleep-disordered breathing and pneumonia

Respir Res. 2024 May 29;25(1):224. doi: 10.1186/s12931-024-02856-5.

Abstract

The soft palate and back of the throat represent vulnerable early infection sites for SARS-CoV-2, influenza, streptococci, and many other pathogens. We demonstrate that snoring causes aerosolization of pharyngeal fluid that covers these surfaces, which previously has escaped detection because the inspired airstream carries the micron-sized droplets into the lung, inaccessible to traditional aerosol detectors. While many of these droplets will settle in the lower respiratory tract, a fraction of the respirable smallest droplets remains airborne and can be detected in exhaled breath. We distinguished these exhaled droplets from those generated by the underlying breathing activity by using a chemical tracer, thereby proving their existence. The direct transfer of pharyngeal fluids and their pathogens into the deep lung by snoring represents a plausible mechanistic link between the previously recognized association between sleep-disordered breathing and pneumonia incidence.

Keywords: COVID-19; Pathogenesis; Pneumonia; Respiratory aerosol; Self-infection; Snoring.

Publication types

  • Letter

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aerosols
  • COVID-19
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Pharynx / microbiology
  • Pneumonia / diagnosis
  • Pneumonia / metabolism
  • Sleep Apnea Syndromes* / diagnosis
  • Sleep Apnea Syndromes* / physiopathology
  • Snoring* / diagnosis
  • Snoring* / physiopathology

Substances

  • Aerosols