Evaluation of digoxin-boronate ester formation through in-capillary derivatisation-large volume sample stacking-capillary zone electrophoresis

Anal Methods. 2024 Jun 13;16(23):3675-3683. doi: 10.1039/d4ay00463a.

Abstract

Determination of digoxin through in-capillary derivatisation based on the formation of o-tolyl- and 2-naphthyl-anionic boronate esters in combination with large volume sample stacking-capillary electrophoresis is proposed. The derivatisation reaction was performed at basic pH values to obtain compounds with a charge and chromophore group during the stacking process. After stacking, the species were separated and detected at 225 nm using p-nitrophenol as an internal standard. Stacking and derivatisation parameters such as pre-concentration time, preconcentration voltage and injection time (relation between the analyte and the derivatisation agent) were evaluated using a Box-Behnken design. Under optimal conditions, the proposed method exhibits a linear range of 1.08-50.00 μM with a limit of detection of 0.36 μM; additionally, adequate repeatability and reproducibility was obtained (%RSD ≤ 5.0%). The methodology was validated by comparing it to an HPLC-UV established methodology and was successfully applied for the determination of digoxin in pharmaceutical tablets and blood serum samples, showing a positive performance for these matrices.

MeSH terms

  • Boronic Acids* / chemistry
  • Digoxin* / analysis
  • Digoxin* / blood
  • Digoxin* / chemistry
  • Electrophoresis, Capillary* / methods
  • Esters / chemistry
  • Humans
  • Limit of Detection
  • Reproducibility of Results
  • Tablets

Substances

  • Digoxin
  • Boronic Acids
  • Esters
  • Tablets