Cytophagic histiocytic panniculitis leading to a diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia with monocytic differentiation: A case report and literature review

J Cutan Pathol. 2024 Sep;51(9):658-661. doi: 10.1111/cup.14659. Epub 2024 May 20.

Abstract

Cytophagic histiocytic panniculitis (CHP) is associated with a number of systemic conditions and is characterized by the presence of benign phagocytic histiocytes ("bean bag cells"), including phagocytosed erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets. We describe a case of a 72-year-old female who presented with a papular eruption that clinically mimicked pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta (PLEVA). Given that her skin biopsy had multiple features concerning PLEVA, this diagnosis was classified as a superficial pityriasis lichenoides-like variant of CHP. The histopathologic presence of cytophagic histiocytosis prompted workup for a systemic malignancy, leading to a diagnosis of underlying acute monocytic leukemia of myeloid lineage.

Keywords: acute monocytic leukemia; cytophagic histiocytosis.

Publication types

  • Case Reports
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Cell Differentiation
  • Diagnosis, Differential
  • Female
  • Histiocytes / pathology
  • Humans
  • Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute / diagnosis
  • Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute / pathology
  • Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / diagnosis
  • Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / pathology
  • Monocytes / pathology
  • Panniculitis* / diagnosis
  • Panniculitis* / pathology