Displaced proximal humeral fractures in skeletally immature patients: functional outcomes of surgical treatment

Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2024 Oct;34(7):3759-3766. doi: 10.1007/s00590-024-03975-x. Epub 2024 May 15.

Abstract

Purpose: To report the functional results of our experience and to describe intraoperative findings and complications due to the techniques used in our service.

Methods: From January 2018 to December 2022, 27 Pediatric patients aged from 8 to 16 years underwent surgery to treat proximal humerus fractures. Their demographic characteristics were evaluated, as well as their clinical characteristics on admission, type of reduction (closed/open), presence of interposition in open reductions, type of implant, complications, and functional range of movement according to two shoulder functional scores.

Results: Mean age was 11.2 years (8-15), there was a predominance of males, who accounted for 70% of the cases, and sports accidents were the cause of injury in 44% of the cases. Anatomical location was balanced between patients, including 55% of physeal fractures and 45% of metaphyseal ones. Overall, 81.5% of patients required open reduction to achieve axis correction, and that 55.5% of fractures were fixed with Kirschner wires, and 44, 4% with elastic titanium nails. Mean QuickDASH score was 0.58 (0-1.7), and Constant score was 9 (3-24). There were no major complications, but 27% of cases subjected to open reduction presented a hypertrophic scar.

Conclusion: Surgical treatment of severely displaced proximal humerus fractures is successful, both with closed and open reduction; type of implant does not play a key role and should be selected based on the characteristics of each case. Surgical training should prevail at the time of decision-making. When these recommendations are followed, results can be excellent and sequelae are infrequent.

Keywords: Fractures; Pediatric patient; Proximal humerus; Treatment.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Bone Nails
  • Bone Wires*
  • Child
  • Female
  • Fracture Fixation, Internal / adverse effects
  • Fracture Fixation, Internal / methods
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Open Fracture Reduction / adverse effects
  • Open Fracture Reduction / methods
  • Postoperative Complications / etiology
  • Range of Motion, Articular*
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Shoulder Fractures* / physiopathology
  • Shoulder Fractures* / surgery
  • Treatment Outcome