COVID-19 experience of people with severe mental health conditions and families in South Africa

Carrie Brooke-Sumner; Bongwekazi Rapiya; Bronwyn Myers; Inge Petersen; Charlotte Hanlon; Julie Repper; Laura Asher

doi:10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v30i0.2207

COVID-19 experience of people with severe mental health conditions and families in South Africa

S Afr J Psychiatr. 2024 Apr 9:30:2207. doi: 10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v30i0.2207. eCollection 2024.

Authors

Carrie Brooke-Sumner¹, Bongwekazi Rapiya¹, Bronwyn Myers^{1

2

3}, Inge Petersen⁴, Charlotte Hanlon^{5

6}, Julie Repper^{7

8}, Laura Asher⁹

Affiliations

¹ Mental Health, Alcohol, Substance Use and Tobacco Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.
² Curtin Enable Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.
³ Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
⁴ Centre for Rural Health, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
⁵ Centre for Global Mental Health, Department of Health Service and Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
⁶ Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
⁷ West London and St George's Mental Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom.
⁸ Implementing Recovery Through Organisational Change (IMROC), Nottingham, United Kingdom.
⁹ Academic Unit of Lifespan and Population Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.

Abstract

Background: People with severe mental health conditions, such as schizophrenia, and their family caregivers are underserved in low- and middle-income countries where structured psychosocial support in the community is often lacking. This can present challenges to recovery and for coping with additional strains, such as a pandemic.

Aim: This study explored the experiences and coping strategies of people with lived experience of a severe mental health condition, and family caregivers, in South Africa during the initial stages of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Setting: This qualitative study was conducted in the Nelson Mandela Bay District, Eastern Cape, South Africa, in the most restrictive period of the COVID-19 lockdown.

Methods: Telephonic qualitative interviews were conducted with people with lived experience (n = 14) and caregivers (n = 15). Audio recordings were transcribed and translated to English from isiXhosa. Thematic analysis was conducted with NVivo 12.

Results: Participants described negative impacts including increased material hardship, intensified social isolation and heightened anxiety, particularly among caregivers who had multiple caregiving responsibilities. Coping strategies included finding ways to not only get support from others but also give support, engaging in productive activities and taking care of physical health. The main limitation was inclusion only of people with access to a telephone.

Conclusion: Support needs for people with severe mental health conditions and their families should include opportunities for social interaction and sharing coping strategies as well as bolstering financial security.

Contribution: These findings indicate that current support for this vulnerable group is inadequate, and resource allocation for implementation of additional community-based, recovery-focused services for families must be prioritised.

Keywords: COVID-19; South Africa; family caregivers; lived experience; lockdown; psychosis; schizophrenia; severe mental health condition.

Grants and funding

Funding information Research reported in this publication was supported by grants to L.A. and C.B-S. from the South African Medical Research Council received funds from the South African National Department of Health and the UK Medical Research Council, with funds received from the UK Government’s Newton Fund.