Diagnostic Value of Combined-Diagnostic Methods of Brain Tuberculoma Tissue Specimens: A Case Series

Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2024 Jun;25(5):376-383. doi: 10.1089/sur.2023.358. Epub 2024 May 6.

Abstract

Background: The diagnosis of brain tuberculoma (BT) is sometimes challenging. Herein, we presented a case series to evaluate the combined-diagnostic methods, including acid-fast bacilli (AFB) stain, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Gene Xpert, and histopathology, of tuberculoma tissue specimens (TTSs). Patients and Methods: A total of 16 patients (11 human immunodeficiency virus [HIV]-positive, 5 HIV-negative) with BT confirmed by combined-diagnostic methods of TTS were included in this study. Clinical data, including clinical symptoms, laboratory tests, neuroimaging features, histopathology, treatment, and prognosis, were assessed in all patients. Results: There were 10 male and 6 female patients (range, 18-73 years). Acid-fast bacilli stain and PCR of TTSs were positive in 11 and 10 patients, respectively. The sensitivity of Gene Xpert of TTSs was (80.0%; 8/10). Nine (56.3%; 9/16) patients were diagnosed with BT by histopathology. After receiving antituberculosis treatment, 12 (75.0%; 12/16) patients improved clinically to a considerable extent. Conclusions: The combined-diagnostic methods of TTS may improve the diagnostic efficiency of BT.

Keywords: Gene Xpert; PCR; acid-fast bacilli stain; brain tuberculoma tissue specimen; histopathology.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Brain / diagnostic imaging
  • Brain / pathology
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis / genetics
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis / isolation & purification
  • Polymerase Chain Reaction / methods
  • Sensitivity and Specificity
  • Tuberculoma, Intracranial* / diagnosis
  • Tuberculoma, Intracranial* / diagnostic imaging
  • Tuberculoma, Intracranial* / drug therapy
  • Young Adult