Legal abortion requests and outcomes for women when the law is restrictive - experience from a referral centre in south-eastern Brazil

Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 2024 Jun;29(3):131-137. doi: 10.1080/13625187.2024.2333423. Epub 2024 Apr 29.

Abstract

Methods: Retrospective cohort study with review of medical records of women assisted between 2015 and 2020. The variables were socio-demographic and SV characteristics, gestational age, reactions towards pregnancy and outcome. We compared outcome groups using the chi-square test, Fisher's exact test and the Kruskal-Wallis test. The significance level was 5%.

Results: We evaluated the medical records of 235 women, of which 153(65%) had undergone to abortion; 17(7.2%) had a spontaneous abortion; 19(8%) remained pregnant; 25(10.6%) had an abortion denied; and 21(8.9%) had been lost to follow-up. Out of the total number of women, 44(18.7%) were adolescents, 152(65.2%) were white and 201(88.5%) had an education ≥9 years. Women who remained pregnant had a known aggressor, disclosed the pregnancy (p < 0.001) and were more ambivalent (p < 0.001) than the other groups. Gestational age was higher in the denied abortion group than in the performed abortion group (p < 0.001).

Conclusion: Feelings related to decision-making about abortion affected all groups, with differences. It is important to give women space to be heard, so they can make their own decisions.

Keywords: Abortion; Brazil; legal restrictions; request abortion; sexual violence.

Plain language summary

Abortion care is possible in places with restrictive laws; however, women with more vulnerable characteristics did not seek the service. Legal restrictions interfere with women’s decision-making about abortion and can promote inequality in gaining access to health services.

MeSH terms

  • Abortion, Induced / legislation & jurisprudence
  • Abortion, Induced / psychology
  • Abortion, Induced / statistics & numerical data
  • Abortion, Legal* / legislation & jurisprudence
  • Abortion, Legal* / psychology
  • Abortion, Legal* / statistics & numerical data
  • Abortion, Spontaneous / epidemiology
  • Abortion, Spontaneous / psychology
  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Brazil
  • Female
  • Gestational Age
  • Humans
  • Pregnancy
  • Pregnancy Outcome
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Young Adult