Low Hemoglobin Level and Elevated Inflammatory Hematological Ratios Associated With Depression and Sleep Disturbance

Tetsuya Akaishi; Kumi Nakaya; Naoki Nakaya; Mana Kogure; Rieko Hatanaka; Ippei Chiba; Sayuri Tokioka; Satoshi Nagaie; Soichi Ogishima; Atsushi Hozawa

doi:10.7759/cureus.56621

Low Hemoglobin Level and Elevated Inflammatory Hematological Ratios Associated With Depression and Sleep Disturbance

Cureus. 2024 Mar 21;16(3):e56621. doi: 10.7759/cureus.56621. eCollection 2024 Mar.

Authors

Tetsuya Akaishi^{1

2}, Kumi Nakaya^{3

4}, Naoki Nakaya³, Mana Kogure^{3

5}, Rieko Hatanaka^{3

5}, Ippei Chiba^{3

5}, Sayuri Tokioka^{3

5}, Satoshi Nagaie⁶, Soichi Ogishima⁶, Atsushi Hozawa^{3

4

5}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, JPN.
² Division of General Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, JPN.
³ Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, JPN.
⁴ Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, JPN.
⁵ Division of Personalized Prevention and Epidemiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, JPN.
⁶ Department of Informatics for Genomic Medicine, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, JPN.

Abstract

Background: The relationship between blood cell profiles, including hemoglobin (Hb) levels and inflammatory hematological ratios, and mental health problems currently remains unclear.

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between blood cell profiles and mental health issues, including depressive state and sleep disturbance, while adjusting for potential demographic confounders.

Methodology: This retrospective, cross-sectional, observational study used a population-based medical database from the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project with more than 60,000 volunteers. Data on age, sex, daily tobacco use, body mass index, and self-reported scores on the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6), Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) were collected.

Results: A total of 62,796 volunteers (23,663 males and 39,133 females), aged ≥20 years at the time of the blood test, agreed to participate in this study. Among the evaluated blood cell profiles, Hb, hematocrit, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were significantly correlated with the K6, AIS, and CES-D scores, with strong statistical significance (p<0.0001 for all) in bivariate correlation analyses. A significant adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of the Hb level for elevated CES-D scores (aOR=0.965 [95% CI: 0.949-0.981], p<0.0001) was confirmed after adjusting for demographic data and daily tobacco use using a logistic regression model. Sensitivity analyses revealed that these associations existed in both males and females but were more prominent in the former. In male participants, a low Hb level was significantly associated with an elevated AIS score. The evaluated inflammatory hematological ratios, including NLR, PLR, and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), also showed significant aORs with the K6, AIS, and CES-D scores after adjusting for demographic background.

Conclusion: Low Hb levels and elevated inflammatory hematological ratios (NLR, MLR, and PLR) were associated with depressive state and sleep disturbances in the general population.

Keywords: depressive state; hemoglobin level; neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (nlr); platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (plr); sleep disturbance.