Flourishing as a guide to intervention: a national multicenter study of general surgery residents

Anya L Greenberg; Christy Boscardin; Carter C Lebares; General Surgery Research Collaborative on Resident Wellbeing

doi:10.1007/s44186-022-00014-3

Flourishing as a guide to intervention: a national multicenter study of general surgery residents

Global Surg Educ. 2022;1(1):12. doi: 10.1007/s44186-022-00014-3. Epub 2022 Mar 31.

Authors

Anya L Greenberg¹, Christy Boscardin², Carter C Lebares¹; General Surgery Research Collaborative on Resident Wellbeing

Collaborators

General Surgery Research Collaborative on Resident Wellbeing:
Celia M Divino, Jennifer N Choi, Jennifer E Hrabe, Julia S Shelton, Christopher M Foglia, Varuna M Sundaram, Brooke Gurland, David A Spain, Matthew J Hanlon, Andreas H Meier, Kelly R Haisley, Alan E Harzman, Emily Huang, Jennifer F Preston, Valentine N Nfonsam, Taylor S Riall, Barnard J A Palmer, Gregory P Victorino, Tim R Donahue, Veronica F Sullins, Anya L Greenberg, Kenzo Hirose, Carter C Lebares, Linda M Reilly, Kshama R Jaiswal, Mark R Nehler, Melissa E Brunsvold, Daniel E Kendrick, M Timothy Nelson, Robert B Lim, Karen D Horvath, Lorrie A Langdale, Rebecca Maine

Affiliations

¹ Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA.
² Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA.

Abstract

Purpose: Physician wellbeing is critical to maximize patient experience, quality of care, and healthcare value. Objective measures to guide and assess efficacy of interventions in terms of enhanced thriving (as opposed to just decreased pathology) have been limited. Here we provide early data on modifiable targets, potential interventions, and comparative impact.

Methods: In this cross-sectional survey-based study of mixed-level residents at 16 academic General Surgery training programs, gender-identity, race, post-graduate year, and gap years were self-reported. Correlation between our primary outcome variable, flourishing, and measures of resilience (mindfulness, personal accomplishment [PA], workplace support, workplace control) and risk (depression, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, perceived stress, anxiety, workplace demand) were assessed.

Results: Of 891 recipients, 300 responded (60% non-male, 41% non-white). Flourishing was significantly positively correlated with all measured resilience factors and negatively correlated with all measured risk factors. In multivariable modelling, mindfulness, PA, and workplace support were positively and significantly associated with flourishing, with PA having the strongest resilience effect. Depression and anxiety were negatively and significantly associated with flourishing, with depression having the strongest risk effect.

Conclusions: Our results suggest that interventions that increase mindfulness, workplace support, and PA, as well as those that decrease depression and anxiety may particularly impact flourishing (i.e., global wellbeing) in surgical trainees. These findings provide preliminary guidance on allocation of resources toward wellbeing interventions. In particular, cognitive (i.e., mindfulness) training is a feasible intervention with modest but significant association with flourishing, and potential indirect effects through influence on PA, anxiety and depression.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s44186-022-00014-3.

Keywords: Distress; Flourishing; Job strain; Mindfulness for surgeons; Surgical education; Surgical resident wellbeing.