Conversational technology and reactions to withheld information

PLoS One. 2024 Apr 11;19(4):e0301382. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301382. eCollection 2024.

Abstract

People frequently face decisions that require making inferences about withheld information. The advent of large language models coupled with conversational technology, e.g., Alexa, Siri, Cortana, and the Google Assistant, is changing the mode in which people make these inferences. We demonstrate that conversational modes of information provision, relative to traditional digital media, result in more critical responses to withheld information, including: (1) a reduction in evaluations of a product or service for which information is withheld and (2) an increased likelihood of recalling that information was withheld. These effects are robust across multiple conversational modes: a recorded phone conversation, an unfolding chat conversation, and a conversation script. We provide further evidence that these effects hold for conversations with the Google Assistant, a prominent conversational technology. The experimental results point to participants' intuitions about why the information was withheld as the driver of the effect.

MeSH terms

  • Choline O-Acetyltransferase
  • Communication*
  • Humans
  • Internet*
  • Language
  • Technology

Substances

  • Choline O-Acetyltransferase

Grants and funding

Research was supported by the George Loewenstein Faculty Research Fund. Nikolos Gurney was supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) under contract number W911NF2010011. Statements and opinions expressed do not necessarily reflect the position or the policy of the United States Government or the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, and no official endorsements should be inferred. NC gratefully acknowledges support from the European Union/UKRI under Horizon Europe Programme Grant Agreement no. 101120763 – TANGO. Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Health and Digital Executive Agency (HaDEA). Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them. For the purpose of open access, the author has applied a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) licence to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission.