Five percent weight loss is a significant 1-year predictor and an optimal 5-year cut-off for reducing the number of obesity-related cardiovascular disease risk components: the Japan Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome Study

Hajime Yamakage; Takaaki Jo; Masashi Tanaka; Sayaka Kato; Koji Hasegawa; Izuru Masuda; Munehide Matsuhisa; Kazuhiko Kotani; Mitsuhiko Noda; Noriko Satoh-Asahara

doi:10.3389/fendo.2024.1343153

Five percent weight loss is a significant 1-year predictor and an optimal 5-year cut-off for reducing the number of obesity-related cardiovascular disease risk components: the Japan Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome Study

Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2024 Mar 27:15:1343153. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1343153. eCollection 2024.

Authors

Hajime Yamakage^#¹, Takaaki Jo^#², Masashi Tanaka^{1

3}, Sayaka Kato^{1

4}, Koji Hasegawa⁵, Izuru Masuda¹, Munehide Matsuhisa⁶, Kazuhiko Kotani⁷, Mitsuhiko Noda^{8

9}, Noriko Satoh-Asahara^{1

10}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Hypertension Research, Clinical Research Institute, NHO Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan.
² Department of General Internal Medicine, Fushimi Momoyama General Hospital, Kyoto, Japan.
³ Department of Rehabilitation, Health Science University, Minamitsuru-gun, Japan.
⁴ Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
⁵ Division of Translational Research, Clinical Research Institute, NHO Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan.
⁶ Diabetes Therapeutics and Research Center, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.
⁷ Division of Community and Family Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan.
⁸ Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Ichikawa Hospital, International University of Health and Welfare, Ichikawa, Japan.
⁹ Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Saitama Medical University, Moroyama, Japan.
¹⁰ Department of Metabolic Syndrome and Nutritional Science, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.

^# Contributed equally.

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to identify the amount of weight loss needed in patients with obesity to improve metabolic syndrome (MetS), a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), over a long period of time.

Methods: A total of 576 patients with obesity were enrolled in this study. Effects of continuous physician-supervised weight loss on the cumulative MetS components excluding abdominal circumference (defined as obesity-related CVD risk score) were investigated during a 5-year follow-up period. The extent of weight loss required to reduce the obesity-related CVD risk components was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses.

Results: Of the 576 participants, 266 completed 5-year follow-up, with 39.1% and 24.1% of them achieving ≥5.0% and ≥7.5% weight loss at the 5-year follow-up, respectively. The area under the ROC curve for reducing the obesity-related CVD risk components was 0.719 [0.662-0.777] at 1 year and 0.694 [0.613-0.775] at 5 years. The optimal cut-off value for weight loss was 5.0% (0.66 sensitivity and 0.69 specificity) and the value with 0.80 specificity was 7.5% (0.45 sensitivity) at 5 years. Greater reductions in weight were associated with greater improvements in the obesity-related CVD risk score at all follow-up periods (P-trend <0.001). Obesity-related CVD risk score was significantly improved by 5.0-7.5% and ≥7.5% weight loss at 1 year (P = 0.029 and P < 0.001, respectively) and ≥7.5% weight loss at 5 years (P = 0.034).

Conclusions: A weight loss of ≥5.0% at 1 year and ≥7.5% at 5 years could reduce the number of obesity-related CVD risk components in patients with obesity.

Keywords: 5-year follow-up; cohort study; metabolic syndrome; obesity; weight loss.

MeSH terms

Cardiovascular Diseases* / epidemiology
Cardiovascular Diseases* / etiology
Cardiovascular Diseases* / prevention & control
Humans
Japan / epidemiology
Metabolic Syndrome* / complications
Obesity / complications
Risk Factors

Grants and funding

The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This work was supported in part by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) to HY (JP22K11720), MT (JP22K07456), and (B) to NS-A (JP21H02835), and by Grant-in-Aid for Exploratory Research to NS-A (JP22K19723) from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. This study was also supported in part by a grant from Health Science University to MT and the National Hospital Organization for collaborative clinical research to NS-A (H29-NHO-01). The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.