Development of anti-MDA5 autoantibody-positive dermatomyositis following the use of etanercept biosimilar in rheumatoid arthritis

Mod Rheumatol Case Rep. 2024 Jul 8;8(2):296-301. doi: 10.1093/mrcr/rxae013.

Abstract

The induction of autoimmune diseases during tumour necrosis factor-alpha inhibitor (TNFi) usage has been described. Herein, we report a rare case of a 49-year-old woman with antimelanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) antibody (Ab)-positive dermatomyositis (DM), which developed 5 weeks after the introduction of an etanercept biosimilar to rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Four of the five known cases, including ours, of anti-MDA5Ab-positive DM complicated with RA revealed anti-MDA5Ab-positive DM following TNFi usage. When patients with RA are diagnosed with interstitial lung disease during TNFi usage, anti-MDA5 Ab-positive DM could be a differential diagnosis.

Keywords: Anti-MDA5 autoantibodies; TNF inhibitors; dermatomyositis; etanercept; rheumatoid arthritis.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Antirheumatic Agents / adverse effects
  • Antirheumatic Agents / therapeutic use
  • Arthritis, Rheumatoid* / diagnosis
  • Arthritis, Rheumatoid* / drug therapy
  • Autoantibodies* / blood
  • Autoantibodies* / immunology
  • Biosimilar Pharmaceuticals* / adverse effects
  • Biosimilar Pharmaceuticals* / therapeutic use
  • Dermatomyositis* / diagnosis
  • Dermatomyositis* / immunology
  • Etanercept* / adverse effects
  • Etanercept* / therapeutic use
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Interferon-Induced Helicase, IFIH1* / immunology
  • Middle Aged

Substances

  • Etanercept
  • Interferon-Induced Helicase, IFIH1
  • Autoantibodies
  • IFIH1 protein, human
  • Biosimilar Pharmaceuticals
  • Antirheumatic Agents