Histopathology of Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Diseases Beyond Eosinophilic Esophagitis

Abstract

Eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases (EGID), such as eosinophilic gastritis (EoG), eosinophilic enteritis, and eosinophilic colitis (EoC), are chronic inflammatory conditions characterized by persistent gastrointestinal symptoms and elevated levels of activated eosinophils in the gastrointestinal tract. EoG and eosinophilic duodenitis (EoD) are strongly associated with food allergen triggers and T_H2 inflammation, whereas EoC shows minimal transcriptomic overlap with other EGIDs. The level of expression of certain genes associated with T_H2 immune response is associated with certain histopathologic findings of EoG, EoD, and EoC. Current immune therapy for EoG depletes tissue eosinophilia with persistence of other histopathologic features of disease.

Keywords: Eosinophilia; Genotype–phenotype correlations; Immune therapy.