Perioperative Complications and In-Hospital Mortality in Partial and Radical Nephrectomy Patients with Heart-Valve Replacement

Ann Surg Oncol. 2024 Aug;31(8):5449-5456. doi: 10.1245/s10434-024-15228-6. Epub 2024 Mar 25.

Abstract

Background: In-hospital mortality and complication rates after partial and radical nephrectomy in patients with history of heart-valve replacement are unknown.

Patients and methods: Relying on the National Inpatient Sample (2000-2019), kidney cancer patients undergoing partial or radical nephrectomy were stratified according to presence or absence of heart-valve replacement. Multivariable logistic and Poisson regression models addressed adverse hospital outcomes.

Results: Overall, 39,673 patients underwent partial nephrectomy versus 94,890 radical nephrectomy. Of those, 248 (0.6%) and 676 (0.7%) had a history of heart-valve replacement. Heart-valve replacement patients were older (median partial nephrectomy 69 versus 60 years; radical nephrectomy 71 versus 63 years), and more frequently exhibited Charlson comorbidity index ≥ 3 (partial nephrectomy 22 versus 12%; radical nephrectomy 32 versus 23%). In partial nephrectomy patients, history of heart-valve replacement increased the risk of cardiac complications [odds ratio (OR) 4.33; p < 0.001), blood transfusions (OR 2.00; p < 0.001), intraoperative complications (OR 1.53; p = 0.03), and longer hospital stay [rate ratio (RR) 1.25; p < 0.001], but not in-hospital mortality (p = 0.5). In radical nephrectomy patients, history of heart-valve replacement increased risk of postoperative bleeding (OR 4.13; p < 0.001), cardiac complications (OR 2.72; p < 0.001), intraoperative complications (OR 1.53; p < 0.001), blood transfusions (OR 1.27; p = 0.02), and longer hospital stay (RR 1.12; p < 0.001), but not in-hospital mortality (p = 0.5).

Conclusions: History of heart-valve replacement independently predicted four of twelve adverse outcomes in partial nephrectomy and five of twelve adverse outcomes in radical nephrectomy patients including intraoperative and cardiac complications, blood transfusions, and longer hospital stay. Conversely, no statistically significant differences were observed in in-hospital mortality.

Keywords: Comorbidities; Heart surgery; Heart-valve replacement; Kidney cancer; NIS.

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Female
  • Follow-Up Studies
  • Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation / adverse effects
  • Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation / mortality
  • Hospital Mortality*
  • Humans
  • Intraoperative Complications / mortality
  • Kidney Neoplasms* / mortality
  • Kidney Neoplasms* / pathology
  • Kidney Neoplasms* / surgery
  • Length of Stay / statistics & numerical data
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Nephrectomy* / adverse effects
  • Nephrectomy* / methods
  • Nephrectomy* / mortality
  • Postoperative Complications* / etiology
  • Postoperative Complications* / mortality
  • Prognosis
  • Risk Factors
  • Survival Rate